I'll tell you how to type beyond usual Hiragana chart.
Japanese Hiragana and Katakana, if you add two dots after those letters for example
かきくけこ
Ka Ki Ku Ke Ko
add " at the right above those letters, they becomes
がぎぐげご
it pronounces
Ga Gi Gu Ge Go
Same for さしすせそ becomes
ざじずぜぞ
Za Zi Zu Ze Zo
だぢづでど
Da Di Du De Do
ばびぶべぼ
Ba Bi Bu Be Bo
Then, if you put small circle at the right side above, they becomes
ぱぴぷぺぽ
Pa Pi Pu Pe Po
Next, if you put little や、ゆ、よ after certain letters, you will pronounce for example,
きゃ = kya
きゅ = kyu
きょ = kyo
Like when you type kyouto (Kyoto) きょうと =京都 in Kanji
you will see よ is little smaller.
Sha Shu Sho
しゃしゅしょ
Tya Tyu Tyo
ちゃちゅちょ
Nya Nyu Nyo
にゃにゅにょ
Hya Hyu Hyo
ひゃひゅひょ
Mya Myu Myo
みゃみゅみょ
Rya Ryu Ryo
りゃりゅりょ
Gya Gyu Gyo
ぎゃきゅぎょ
Ja Ju Jo
じゃじゅじょ
Bya Byu Byo
びゃびゅびょ
Pya Pyu Pyo
ぴゃぴゅぴょ